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Discussing Du Fu’s study and poetry
Author: Liu Qiang
Source: Author authorized by Confucianism. Originally published by “Revival Journal (Social Science Edition)” 2023 Issue 1
[Abstract] In the history of Du Fu’s poetry, the “difficulty” of poetry has long been recognized, but related discussions and comments have not yet been seen. In fact, the reason why Du Fu is difficult to read is that there is “learning” in his poem, “Tao” in his poem, and “God” in his poem; these three points are just aligned with the three civilizational components of Du Fu as a scholar, a Confucian, and a poet. Although the scholar Du Fu did not establish his character through learning, he had profound academic cultivation; the saintly aspirations and meticulous Confucian ambitions of Confucianism have formed Du Fu’s thinking depth and poetry height; the poet Du Fu “adjusts both academic and poetry” and created a new “people world” through poetry creation of “using “poetry” to use “poetry” to use “historical” and “using Tao to spread poetry”. Du Fu’s Confucianism and Confucianism and Taoism were the keys of his poems to obtain “theory principles” and to be masters and law by later generations; and Du Fu’s “classicization” path was accompanied by the entire process laid by Confucianism in the Middle Tang Dynasty and the Northern Song Dynasty’s philosophy, so it has more “scientificization” connotation and the meaning of thinking about history than any modern poem.
【Keywords】Du Fu; Du Poetry; Poetry; Classicization
1. Du Poetry’s “difficulty”
Reading Du Fu’s poems is a grand challenge for readers of any era. Wang Anshi’s “Preface to the Collection of Du Gongshu’s Poems” says: “I love Du Fu’s author in archaeological poems. Their lyrics are from the origin of the poems, but they are unable to learn them. … It’s hard to be honest, but they can only be honest!” [1] This reminds a very important poems, namely Du Fu’s “difficulty”.
In the history of learning the development of the article, the more powerful the poet is, the more difficult it is to have such a reading. The reason is simple, and the great poets always have some kind of advanced or perhaps predecessor relative to their era. Du Fu’s poem creation was a kind of lonely and unrestrained style because of his painstaking efforts and unrestrained style, and he also had a certain kind of lonely temperament that “no one can tolerate the whole country” and “if you can’t tolerate the right people” (“Historical Records: The Family of Confucius”). His true soulmate could not have appeared in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, or even in the Tang Dynasty. This is not difficult to see where Du Fu is located in the “Tang people chose Tang Poems” [2]. Even Du Fu once said: “A hundred years of singing is painful, but no one has ever seen a soulmate.” (“Southern Battle”) [3] Du Fu has a considerable reading and understanding, whether for his or her readers in later generations, he has difficulty reading and understanding. It can even be said that since there are poets, no one has written such a serious poem that he had already complained about.https://twsugarhug.org/”>beautiful and elegant, heavy and large, delicate and moving. There is not a clear and scattered article in Du Fu, but as the whole Du Fu Fu, it is indeed a “difficult” to find a solution. In the past, those who commented on Du Fu Fu went back and forth, and there was a saying that “Thousands of Family Notes on Du Fu” [4], which was because they were afraid of being here.
Du Fan’s difficulty is still in a relatively broad reception phenomenon. In the famous “Li Du’s superiority and inferiority”, Du Fu seems not as close as Li Bai, especially the young men in the United States, who often like Li Bai more than Du Fu; and among middle-aged and elderly readers, the situation is just the opposite, and most people seem to like Du Fu more than Li Bai. Just as Wang Yuanliang’s poem: “When a young man reads Du Fu, he feels he is withered. After reading it carefully, I realized that every sentence is good. “(Volume 2 of “Hushan Draft”) Without doubt, Li Bai and Du Fu can be called “two-child constellations” in the sky of Chinese classical poetry – “Li Du’s articles are there, and the light is thousands of feet long” (Korean Yu’s “Zhang Ji”) – They appeared at the same time in the prosperous Tang Dynasty. It was not only a generous gift for history, but also a great blessing for later readers. Li Bai was always able to do so. icing on the top; Du Fu is full of burdens and can often be relieved and help the poor. But I feel more and more that in this “human world” where people are unreal, there is no Li Bai, and it is impossible to be without Du Fu. Teacher Zhu Dongshang said: “The position of Du Fu and the reaction he made in the poem are much more important than Li Bai. This is a matter that cannot be recognized. ”[5] Li Bai was only able to let go of the sun, and he could become an immortal; Du Fu’s virtues were always the “sad world” that entrusted the entire ethnic group with the unscrupulous Gonggong and Kuafu. This kind of wonderful changes in the mind of readers, on the one hand, is the life experience and mental growth The inevitable process of the song “difficulty” that is more read and understood than Li Bai and Du Fu. The young and inexplicable people are actually difficult to be in the church and want to be without any reason. The later “Zong Du” who surpassed “Zong Li” farther than “Zong Li”, is definitely not what Li and Du Feng Ke is so called “Li and Du Feng Ke The teacher is so simple, and there is no innuendo that there is a kind of awe, admiration and worship for “difficulty” and “French style”.
Why is Du Polygon “difficult” to read? In a nutshell, there is “study” in his poem, “Tao” in his poem, and “God” in his poem. In the history of mobility and reception for more than a thousand years, Du Polygon’s position has continued to rise, and the level of classicization has become increasingly stronger. It can be said that Du Polygon is no longer just a text of the “Collection Department”, but a civilized life and art world that crosses and connects the three schools of history, history, and numerologyFemale college students’ care club world. As Wang Yuwei, a native of the Song Dynasty, said that “Zimei gathered into the world of poetry”[6], perhaps it is acceptable to understand this level. Therefore, if you do not put in the “real strength” in learning, learning, and thinking, it will be difficult to enter the luggage he helped to move when she entered the school. He also wanted to pass the “world of poetry” that she opened.As soon as I was too late, I felt that Du Fu was a “suspicious” talent. “You only care about how hard you sweat and make a living and guessing it. In general, it is a separation. The secrets in the superman’s spiritual palace, his state of mind, and his thoughts, like the words of the universe, are not something that ordinary brains can guess. You only understand what you can understand” [7]. In other words, if we only treat Du Fu as a poet who is good at writing and showing off his talents and skills, we will never be able to truly approach him and understand him.
In history, people have repeatedly emphasized this. As Zhang Jie from the Song Dynasty said, “As for Du Zimei,… it is the sage of the Dharma, and it is not a special poet.” (Volume 1 of “The Poems of the Lengtang”) Yue You also said, “In the future, I only have to be a poet, and I have been silent for a few words.” [8] Kong Pingzhong said that he “just created things and included things, and did not make me detailed poems” [9], and he wanted to separate Du Fu from ordinary poets. Qiu Zhaoqing, the author of “Du Psalm Detailed Notes”, also said: “When discussing other people’s poems, you can be more craftsmanship and clumsy in the lyrics. If you only look for Du Psalm, you cannot find it in lyrics. If you use lyrics, you can find it in lyrics. If you use lyrics, you can find it in lyrics. If you use lyrics, you can understand people in the world. … Therefore, the lyrics of the Song people called Du Psalm History, and you can understand people by finding it. Those who argue about the essays recommend Du as a sage. He said that his words are loyal and honest, and he can teach them all the worlds.”[10] It can be said that the discussion of Du Fu with “historical history” and “speaking of Du Fu is precisely because Du Fu has the cross-cultural characteristics of “historical income and expenditure” and “taking literature as poetry” and the classical value of “being kind to people, beautifying education, and changing customs”.
However, what kind of purity and sacrificiality has created Du Fu’s poems? How does his family style affect his personality and thoughts? Since Du Fu is “not a special person”, what other personality traits, ingredient r